Pulmonary Embolism: What It Is, Causes, and Symptoms

September 17, 2025

Introduction

Pulmonary embolism is a serious health condition. It happens when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel in the lungs. This blockage can stop blood from reaching parts of the lung. As a result, the body may not get enough oxygen. Pulmonary embolism can be life-threatening if not treated quickly. In the United States, thousands of people are affected each year. Knowing the signs of pulmonary embolism and its causes can help save lives.

What is Pulmonary Embolism?

Pulmonary embolism means a blood clot travels to the lungs and blocks a blood vessel. Usually, these clots start in the legs. This is called deep vein thrombosis. When the clot moves to the lungs, it can stop blood flow. Because of this, parts of the lung may not work well. The body then gets less oxygen. This can make you feel short of breath or cause chest pain. In severe cases, it can lead to death if not treated right away.

Causes of Pulmonary Embolism

Most pulmonary embolisms happen because of blood clots. These clots often form in the deep veins of the legs. However, other factors can also raise your risk. Understanding these causes can help you stay safe.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Blood clots form in the legs and travel to the lungs.

Long periods of inactivity: Sitting for long times, like during flights or bed rest, can cause clots.

Surgery or injury: Operations, especially on the legs or hips, increase clot risk.

Certain medical conditions: Cancer, heart disease, or clotting disorders can make clots more likely.

Pregnancy: Changes in blood flow during pregnancy can raise the risk.

Smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels and increases clot risk.

Obesity: Extra weight puts more pressure on veins.

Family history: Some people inherit conditions that make blood clots more likely.

Because these risk factors are common, it is important to know your own risks. If you have any of these, talk to your doctor about ways to prevent blood clots in the lungs.

Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism

Symptoms of pulmonary embolism can appear suddenly. Some people may have mild signs, while others feel very sick. Early treatment can save lives, so knowing the symptoms is important.

Shortness of breath: This is the most common symptom. It can come on quickly and get worse with activity.

Chest pain: The pain may feel sharp and get worse when you breathe deeply or cough.

Cough: Sometimes, people cough up blood.

Fast heartbeat: Your heart may race or feel like it is pounding.

Feeling lightheaded or faint: You may feel dizzy or even pass out.

Less common symptoms include:

Swelling or pain in one leg

Clammy or bluish skin

Fever

Excessive sweating

If you have sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, or cough up blood, seek medical help right away. These can be signs of a life-threatening emergency.

Conclusion

Pulmonary embolism is a serious condition that needs quick action. Knowing the causes and symptoms can help you stay safe. If you notice symptoms of pulmonary embolism, consult a healthcare professional immediately for personalized advice.

Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO)

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